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Perfume (UK: , US: ) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. Perfumes can be defined as substances that emit and diffuse a pleasant and fragrant odor. They consist of artificial mixtures of aromatic chemicals and essential oils. The 1939 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička stated in 1945 that "right from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have substantially contributed to the development of organic chemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory." Ancient texts and archaeological excavations show the use of perfumes in some of the earliest human civilizations. Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin and coumarin, which allowed for the composition of perfumes with smells previously unattainable solely from natural aromatics.

Article title : Perfume
"formulation of any perfume... customers and competitors can analyze most perfumes more or less precisely." Antique or badly preserved perfumes undergoing this..."
Article title : Calvin Klein
"Klein. In addition to clothing, he has also given his name to a range of perfumes, watches, and jewellery. Klein was born on November 19, 1942, in the Bronx..."
Article title : Alberto Morillas
"Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide. Viking. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-670-01865-9. Turin, Luca; Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide. Viking. p..."
Article title : List of celebrity-branded perfumes
"April 2023. "Muhammad Ali Perfumes and Colognes – Legend Collection". Fragrantica. Retrieved 27 April 2023. "Muhammad Ali Perfumes and Colognes – Legacy Collection"..."
Article title : Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (film)
"and fragrance company Thierry Mugler released a fifteen-piece perfume coffret. The perfumes were a collaboration between Thierry Mugler's Vera Struebi and..."
Article title : First (perfume)
"Quelques Fleurs.) ADAMIYATT, ROXANNE (January 11, 2023). "8 Royal-Worn Perfumes and Colognes That Are Fit for Everyone". Town & Country. Retrieved April..."
Article title : Kannauj Perfume
"Kannauj Perfume, also known as Kannauj Ittar, is a traditional Indian perfume made in the city of Kannauj in Uttar Pradesh. It has been protected under..."
Article title : Ormonde Jayne
"niche perfume house founded by Linda Pilkington in 2000. Begun as a line of scented candles, the house now makes perfumes as well. The perfumes are created..."
Article title : Perfumes (film)
"Perfumes (French: Les Parfums) is a 2019 French comedy film directed by Grégory Magne. The film premiered at the 2019 Saint-Jean-de-Luz International Film..."
Article title : Eau de toilette
"1–3% aromatic compounds Eau de Cologne (EdC): Citrus type perfumes with about 2–6% perfume concentrate aromatic compounds Eau de toilette (EdT): 5–15%..."

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