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Perfume (UK: , US: ) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. Perfumes can be defined as substances that emit and diffuse a pleasant and fragrant odor. They consist of artificial mixtures of aromatic chemicals and essential oils. The 1939 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička stated in 1945 that "right from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have substantially contributed to the development of organic chemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory." Ancient texts and archaeological excavations show the use of perfumes in some of the earliest human civilizations. Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin or coumarin, which allowed for the composition of perfumes with smells previously unattainable solely from natural aromatics.

Article title : Perfume
"formulation of any perfume... customers and competitors can analyze most perfumes more or less precisely." Antique or badly preserved perfumes undergoing this..."
Article title : Eau de toilette
"1–3% aromatic compounds Eau de Cologne (EdC): Citrus type perfumes with about 2–6% perfume concentrate aromatic compounds Eau de toilette (EdT): 5–15%..."
Article title : Eau Sauvage
"first perfume for men. The name of the fragrance is reputedly the result of a late arrival by Christian Dior's friend Percy Savage to Dior's home. Dior..."
Article title : Shalimar (perfume)
"Shalimar is part of four pianopieces Dutch composer Carolien Devilee wrote on perfumes of Guerlain (4 Fragances de Guerlain pour Piano: l'Heure Bleue, Mitsouko..."
Article title : Kannauj Perfume
"Kannauj Perfume, also known as Kannauj Ittar, is a traditional Indian perfume made in the city of Kannauj in Uttar Pradesh. It has been protected under..."
Article title : Perfume Genius
"2005, Hadreas returned home to Seattle and began recording music. In 2008, Hadreas set up a MySpace page under the name Perfume Genius, beginning his music..."
Article title : List of celebrity-branded perfumes
"April 2023. "Muhammad Ali Perfumes and Colognes – Legend Collection". Fragrantica. Retrieved 27 April 2023. "Muhammad Ali Perfumes and Colognes – Legacy Collection"..."
Article title : Alberto Morillas
"Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide. Viking. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-670-01865-9. Turin, Luca; Sanchez, Tania (2008). Perfumes: The Guide. Viking. p..."
Article title : Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (film)
"and fragrance company Thierry Mugler released a fifteen-piece perfume coffret. The perfumes were a collaboration between Thierry Mugler's Vera Struebi and..."
Article title : First (perfume)
"Quelques Fleurs.) ADAMIYATT, ROXANNE (January 11, 2023). "8 Royal-Worn Perfumes and Colognes That Are Fit for Everyone". Town & Country. Retrieved April..."

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